Page 14 - MWC 02-25-2021s
P. 14

The Midwest Cattleman · February 25, 2021 · P14
       Match Cow’s Milk Production to Forage Resources

        The nutrient needs of a cow are related to her size and milk production.            By Steve Boyles, Ohio State University Extension beef specialist


         Beef cow type differences exist  lot operator is looking for calves  TDN and CP, compared to live       Cow size limits the gut fill and
      due to size, milk production, suit- that have an acceptable dressing  weight alter the amount of calf  thus DMI for milk production
      ability to the environment and  percent and attain USDA Choice  expected per cow.                       at a given weight. Since intake
      desirability of different types for  grade at 1,100 to 1,400 pounds.    Let us say that we expect a  cannot be increased, feed quali-
      profit. All these factors affect the  Various combinations of different  1,000-pound cow to wean a 500- ty must be increased. High milk
      amount of nutrients required.  bulls and cows can accomplish  pound calf or 50% of her body  producing cows must have access
      The nutrient requirements of the  this goal.                          weight.  The 1,300-pound  cow  to  high-quality  pasture,  hay  or
      various cow types can determine       Here are some factors to con- should be expected to wean a  silage. High-milking cows will
      different management schemes.      sider:                             calf of 565 pounds.  This is only  more rapidly lose condition on an
         There are several segments of   Size and nutrition                 about 47% of her body weight.  inadequate ration compared to
      the industry that influence size      Considerable changes in out-    These figures are based on her  lower-milking cows. This may re-
      of  beef  cattle.  In  recent  years,   puts and requirements per ani-  increased nutrient requirement  sult  in  longer  postpartum  inter-
      the packer-grocery store segment   mal may be induced by changes      and not body size or body weight.  vals for high milk producing cows
      has preferred USDA Choice car-     in cow size.  An increase in live   Comparisons of size should ac- on low-quality roughages.
      casses  in  the  700-  to-900-pound   weight of about 15% to 18% in-  count  for  differences  in  weight   Thus, these results suggest
      range. To achieve this, the feed-  creases dry matter intake (DMI)    and condition. Fat cows may have  that maintenance requirements
                                                          about 12% to      lower maintenance requirements  per unit weight, metabolic weight
                                                          16%. Total  di-   than thin cows.                   or size differed little due to
                                                          gestible     nu- Milk production and nutrient       weight, but that genetic poten-
                                                          trients     and requirements                        tial for milk did alter production
                                                          crude    protein    The nutrient needs of a cow     requirements. High-milking and
                                                          requirements  are related to her size and milk      low-milking cows can be fed to-
                                                          are   increased production. The energy required     gether during most of the year. It
                                                          at    somewhat for milk production is directly      is only during lactation that sep-
                                                          lower percent- proportional to the amount of        arate feeding arrangements need
                                                          ages compared  milk she produces for a given cow    be considered.
                                                          to an 18% in- of a given size. An increase from  Environment and nutrient
                                                          crease in cow  10 pounds per day to 20 pounds  requirements
      When selecting genetics and cow types, a cow-calf producer   live weight. The  per day (50%) results in a smaller   Farm conditions determine
      should consider the merits and detriments of the various types of   lower  increase increase in DMI compared to in- the type of cows to have. Annual
      cattle, history with drought or blizzard conditions, and animal       creases in TDN and CP.
      performance in optimum environments.               in requirements,                                                   continued on page 21
             “Th
             “Thee                                                    Kind”                                           Apr. 3, 2021
                                                                                                                      Apr. 3, 2021
                                                                      Kind”
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